Contribution of family social support to the metabolic control of people with diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

AIM: This randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the contribution of family social support to the clinical/metabolic control of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires continuous care in order for individuals to reach glycemic control, the primordial goal of treatment. Family social support is essential to the development of care skills and their maintenance. However, there are few studies that investigate the contribution of family social support to diabetes control. METHODS: The study was developed between June 2011 and May 2013, and included 164 people who were randomized using simple randomization. The intervention group differed from the control group in that it included a family caregiver, who was recognized by the patient as a source of social support. The educational interventions received by people with diabetes mellitus were used as the basis of the education provided through telephone calls to patients' family members and caregivers, and their purpose was to encourage dialogue between the patients and their relatives about the topics related to diabetes. RESULTS: Regarding the clinical impact, the results showed that there was a greater reduction in blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin in the intervention group than in the control group, showing a positive effect on the control of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Families should be incorporated into the care of people with diabetes mellitus and especially in health care programs, in particular those that can promote different forms of social support to strengthen the bond between family members.

Educational interventions for knowledge on the disease, treatment adherence and control of diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the effect of educational interventions for knowledge on the disease, medication treatment adherence and glycemic control of diabetes mellitus patients. METHOD: evaluation research with "before and after" design, developed in a sample of 82 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. To collect the data, the Brazilian version of the Diabetes Knowledge Scale (DKN-A), the Measure of Adherence to Treatments and the electronic system at the place of study were used. The data were collected before and after the end of the educational interventions. The educational activities were developed within 12 months, mediated by the Diabetes Conversation Maps, using the Cognitive Social Theory to conduct the interventions. RESULTS: the knowledge on the disease (p<0.001), the medication treatment (oral antidiabetics) (p=0.0318) and the glycated hemoglobin rates (p=0.0321) improved significantly. CONCLUSION: the educational interventions seem to have positively contributed to the participants' knowledge about diabetes mellitus, the medication treatment adherence and the glycated hemoglobin rates.

Educational interventions for knowledge on the disease, treatment adherence and control of diabetes mellitus / Intervenciones educativas para el conocimiento de la enfermedad, adhesión al tratamiento y control de la diabetes mellitus / Intervenções educativas para o conhecimento da doença, adesão ao tratamento e controle do diabetes mellitus

Abstract Objective: to assess the effect of educational interventions for knowledge on the disease, medication treatment adherence and glycemic control of diabetes mellitus patients. Method: evaluation research with "before and after" design, developed in a sample of 82 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. To collect the data, the Brazilian version of the Diabetes Knowledge Scale (DKN-A), the Measure of Adherence to Treatments and the electronic system at the place of study were used. The data were collected before and after the end of the educational interventions. The educational activities were developed within 12 months, mediated by the Diabetes Conversation Maps, using the Cognitive Social Theory to conduct the interventions. Results: the knowledge on the disease (p<0.001), the medication treatment (oral antidiabetics) (p=0.0318) and the glycated hemoglobin rates (p=0.0321) improved significantly. Conclusion: the educational interventions seem to have positively contributed to the participants' knowledge about diabetes mellitus, the medication treatment adherence and the glycated hemoglobin rates.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de intervenciones educativas para el conocimiento de la enfermedad, adhesión al tratamiento medicamentoso y control glucémico de las personas con diabetes mellitus. Método: investigación de evaluación, del tipo "antes y después" desarrollado en muestra de 82 personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Los datos fueron obtenidos por medio de los instrumentos Versión Brasileña de la Diabetes Knowledge Scale DKN-A, Medida de Adhesión a los Tratamientos y por el sistema electrónico del local del estudio, recolectados antes y después del término de las intervenciones educativas. Las actividades educativas fueron desarrolladas durante un período de 12 meses, utilizando los Mapas de Conversación en Diabetes y la Teoría Social Cognitiva para la conducción de las intervenciones. Resultados: existió mejoría significativa del conocimiento de la enfermedad (p<0,001), de la adhesión al tratamiento medicamentoso (antidiabéticos orales) (p=0,0318) y de las tasas de hemoglobina glucosilada (p=0,0321). Conclusión: las intervenciones educativas parecen haber contribuido positivamente para el conocimiento sobre la diabetes mellitus, adhesión al tratamiento medicamentoso y en las tasas de hemoglobina glucosilada de los participantes.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de intervenções educativas para o conhecimento da doença, adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso e controle glicêmico das pessoas com diabetes mellitus. Método: pesquisa de avaliação, do tipo "antes e depois" desenvolvido em amostra de 82 pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Os dados foram obtidos por meio dos instrumentos Versão Brasileira da Diabetes Knowledge Scale (DKN-A), Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos e pelo sistema eletrônico do local do estudo, coletados antes e após o término das intervenções educativas. As atividades educativas foram desenvolvidas em um período de 12 meses, mediadas pelos Mapas de Conversação em Diabetes, utilizando-se da Teoria Social Cognitiva para a condução das intervenções. Resultados: existiu melhora significativa do conhecimento da doença (p<0,001), adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso (antidiabéticos orais) (p=0,0318) e nas taxas de hemoglobina glicada (p=0,0321). Conclusão: as intervenções educativas parecem ter contribuído positivamente no conhecimento sobre o diabetes mellitus, adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso e nas taxas de hemoglobina glicada dos participantes.

Self-care activities and their relationship to metabolic and clinical control of people with diabetes Mellitus / Actividades de autocuidado y sus relaciones con control metabólico y clínico de las personas con diabetes Mellitus / Atividades de autocuidado e suas relações com controle metabólico e clínico das pessoas com diabetes Mellitus

Cross-sectional study with the aim to evaluate self-care in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and verify its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The sample included 218 patients under outpatient follow-up. Self-care activities were evaluated by means of a questionnaire that was previously translated and validated for Brazil. The questionnaire items that reached the highest means were related to drug therapy, whereas those with the lowest means were related to the practice of physical activity. Age correlated inversely with physical activity and foot care, and elapsed time since the disease diagnosis showed a direct correlation with blood glucose monitoring. Data showed that self-care activities related to behavioral changes are the ones that require greater investments to achieve its goals, and age and time since diagnosis should be considered in the planning of nursing care for people with diabetes mellitus.

Estudio transversal que buscó evaluar actividades de autocuidado con el diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y verificar su relación con características sociodemográficas y con datos clínicos. La muestra se constituyó de 218 personas en seguimiento ambulatorio. Las actividades de autocuidado fueron evaluados utilizando un cuestionario traducido y validado en Brasil. Los elementos de este cuestionario que tuvieron los promedios más altos se relacionan con la terapia con medicamentos, y los menores con la actividad física. Edad inversamente correlacionada con la actividad física y el cuidado de los pies, y el momento del diagnóstico mostró una correlación directa con la monitorización de la glucosa. Los datos mostraron que las actividades de autocuidado relacionadas con los cambios de comportamiento son las que requieren mayores inversiones para alcanzar los objetivos de la atención, y la edad y el diagnóstico de tiempo deben ser considerados en la planificación de los cuidados de enfermería a la persona con el diabetes mellitus.

Estudo transversal que objetivou avaliar as atividades de autocuidado das pessoas com o diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e verificar suas relações com as características sociodemográficas e clínicas. A amostra incluiu 218 pacientes em seguimento ambulatorial. As atividades de autocuidado foram avaliadas por meio de questionário traduzido e validado para o Brasil. Os itens deste questionário que obtiveram maiores médias foram os relacionados à terapia medicamentosa, e os menores, com a prática de atividade física. A idade correlacionou-se inversamente com a prática de atividade física e cuidado com os pés, e o tempo de diagnóstico da doença apresentou correlação direta com a monitorização da glicemia. Os dados mostraram que as atividades de autocuidado relacionadas às mudanças comportamentais são as que requerem maiores investimentos para atingir as metas do cuidado, e a idade e tempo do diagnóstico devem ser considerados no planejamento da assistência de enfermagem a pessoa com diabetes melltius.

Autocuidado das pessoas com diabetes mellitus que possuem complicações em membros inferiores / Self-care of people with diabetes mellitus who have lower limb complications

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as atividades de autocuidado de pessoas com diabetes mellitus que possuem úlceras e/ou amputações em membros inferiores. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido em unidades secundária e terciária da saúde. O instrumento de pesquisa para avaliação do autocuidado foi o Questionário de Atividades de Autocuidado com o Diabetes, previamente validado para a língua portuguesa. Aplicou-se esse questionário a uma amostra de conveniência, composta por 35 pessoas. RESULTADOS: Observou-se um autocuidado desejável, ou seja, um bom autocuidado, relacionado ao uso da terapia medicamentosa e o contrário para a prática de atividade física. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados sugeriram que o acompanhamento contínuo dessas pessoas, no cuidado das úlceras, pode contribuir às atividades de autocuidado; a presença das úlceras limita a prática da atividade física.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate self-care activities of people with diabetes mellitus who have ulcers and/or amputations in lower limbs. METHODS: Cross-sectional study utilizing a quantitative approach developed in secondary and tertiary health units. The research instrument for the evaluation of self-care was the Diabetes Questionnaire of Self-Care Activities, previously validated for the Portuguese language. This questionnaire was applied to a convenience sample consisting of 35 people. RESULTS: Desirable self-care was noted i.e. good self-care related to the use of drug therapy, and the opposite for the practice of physical activities. CONCLUSION: Data suggested that continuous follow-up of these individuals in caring for their ulcers can contribute to self-care activities; the presence of ulcers limits the practice of physical activity.